Suspects in Saudi Arabia are frequently tortured and ill-treated while held in incommunicado detention. They can be held for long periods, often until a confession is obtained from them.
Anti-government demonstrations are not allowed in Saudi Arabia. Critics of the state are often at risk of indefinite detention without charge or trial. They are also often ill-treated or tortured. Defendants do not have the right to formal representation by a lawyer and in many cases they and their families are not informed of the progress of legal proceedings against them. Due to the secrecy of the Saudi Arabian justice system, trials are often held behind closed doors. In the rare instances when individuals are charged and brought to trial, the proceedings invariably fail to meet the most elementary standards of fairness.
Possible prisoner of conscience Um Sa'ud, is being held in al-Malaz prison in Riyadh. She was allegedly beaten and ill-treated at the time of her arrest by security forces. Um Sa'ud and at least 82 other possible prisoners of conscience, are not only at risk of torture and ill-treatment, but may be held solely for the non-violent expression of their conscientiously held beliefs.
Um Sa'ud is one of three women who were arrested along with over 250 men, during a protest in the al-U'laya district of Riyadh on 14 October. The
protestors were calling for political reform and the release of political prisoners. Um Sa'ud was said to have carried the picture of her son, Sa'ud al-Mutayri, who is believed to have died in al-Ha'ir prison during a fire on
the 15 September. Um Sa'ud was apparently calling for her son's body to be returned to his family.
Gross human rights violations continued and were exacerbated by government "anti-terrorism" policies and acts of violence, some of which the authorities blamed on al-Qa'ida sympathizers. Hundreds of suspected religious activists, critics of the state and protesters were arrested or detained following their forcible return from other countries, and the legal status of those held from previous years remained shrouded in secrecy. Women played an unprecedented role in challenging discrimination against women, which nevertheless continued to be endemic. Torture and ill-treatment remained rife. At least 50 people were executed. Over a dozen foreign nationals were forcibly handed over to their governments. Around 3,500 Iraqi refugees remained as virtual prisoners in Rafha camp. The government continued to deny AI access to the country.
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* Abd al-'Aziz al-Tayyar, a 44-year-old former public relations director at Riyadh Chamber of Commerce, was arrested in September for criticizing the government during a television program broadcast by the satellite television station of the UK-based Saudi Arabian opposition group, the Movement of Islamic Reform in Arabia (MIRA). Police reportedly raided his house and arrested him while he was talking by telephone to a live program on the Qatar-based al-Jazeera television station. He remained held in a Riyadh prison, reportedly without charge or trial. Three other people arrested with him also remained in detention at the end of the year.
* Muhammad Rajkhan, a 33-year-old father of seven children, was arrested on 8 February near his house in Jeddah. He was reportedly held incommunicado in al-Mabahith al-'Amma (General Intelligence) in Riyadh and allegedly tortured (see below). He was said to have been transferred to al-Ruwais Prison in Jeddah where he remained held at the end of the year.
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Torture in detention
Because of the strict secrecy surrounding arrests and incommunicado detention, it was not possible to assess the scale of torture used against those arrested in connection with or following the violent incidents which took place. However, allegations of torture and ill-treatment of those detained in the name of security and "fighting terrorism", as well as of prisoners arrested in previous years, were reported.
* Muhammad Rajkhan was said to have suffered damage to his eardrum and loss of weight reportedly as a result of torture and ill-treatment after his arrest in February (see above).
* Five UK nationals and one Canadian national who were released from prison in August following a royal pardon provided detailed accounts of their treatment in prisons in Riyadh. They claimed that they repeatedly suffered various forms of torture during interrogation in order to force them to confess to police accusations against them. These included beatings all over the body and on the soles of the feet, sleep deprivation, and shackling and handcuffing for long periods.
Flogging and amputation
Flogging and amputation continued to be imposed by courts as judicial corporal punishment. Among those sentenced to flogging during the year was a woman schoolteacher who received 120 lashes in addition to three and a half months in prison. She was reportedly convicted of planting drugs in the briefcase of her fiancé and reporting him to the police in order to have him imprisoned and facilitate her separation from him. According to one press report she was forcibly engaged to him by her family who refused her request to go back on the marriage.
At least one person, Ghazi Muhammad Mohsen Abdul-Ghani, a Bangladeshi national, had his right hand amputated in March in Mecca. He was convicted of theft.
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